King of Babylonia (175-164). Known as Epiphanes (“manifestation of the god”), Antiochus IV succeeds his brother. During his reign, he continued to deal with growing Roman pressure, civil strife (Maccabean Revolt) and the renewed aggression of Ptolemaic Egypt (Sixth Syrian War). He is mentioned in the Babylonian King List of the Hellenistic Period; the Astronomical Diaries, the Politai Chronicle and the Greek Community Chronicle. These last two fragmentary texts seemingly account a confrontation between the cities of Babylon and Seleucia-on-the-Tigris resulting in the implantation of a Greek community in Babylon itself.