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Elamite king who was active in Babylon supporting several revolts against Assyrian power. Responsible for the capture and deportation of Aššūr-nādin-šumi, he may have been recognized as “king of Babylon” for a brief period based on an economic text referring to his name in the date formula. However, both the place of writing and the complete title are lost (VAT 3146 San Nicolò and Ungnad 1929-1935, no. 165).

King of Babylonia (699-694). Eldest son of Sennacherib and crown prince of Assyria. He was captured in Sippar when fighting an Elamite invasion. His death presumably was one of the reasons for Sennacherib to harshen Assyrian repression.

A Babylonian usurper said to have reigned over Babylon for three months (703) in rebellion against Assyrian domination.

King of Assyria (704-681) and ruler over Babylon. The Akkadian form of his name is Sîn-aḫḫē-erība. He assumed the throne of Babylon personally at the beginning (704-703) and at the end of his reign (688-681).  In the meantime, Sennacherib experimented with different forms of control over Babylonia including puppet-kings ( 702-700) and installing his own son as King of Babylon (699-694). Overall, his rule represented a reversal of his father’s policies including the quick abandonment of Khorsabad for Nineveh and an altogether harsher treatment of Babylonian revolts which would eventually lead to the desecration and destruction of Babylon (689).

King of Babylon (721-710; 703). Also known as Merodach-baladan (Is 39:1; 2 Kgs 20: 12-19) and Mardukempados (PC), he is attested in ABC1 and in BKLA. He led a quasi-independent Babylon twice: during nine years after Shalmaneser V’s reign, and an ephemeral rebellion with Elamite support in 703. Despite the defeat, Marduk-aplu-iddin II would keep some level resistance in the southern parts of Mesopotamia (Sealand) until 700 B.C.E..

King of Assyria and Babylonia (726-722). He succeeded his father in the personal union of the thrones of Assyria and Babylonia. In the Babylonian King List A he is referred to as Ulūlāyu (a reference to his birth month and likely his former name), and in the Ptolemaic Canon as Ilulayos. He and his father form the  “Dynasty of Baltil” (i.e. the city of Aššur) in the BKLA.

King of Assyria (745-727). He assumed the throne of Babylon (728-727) after defeating Nabû-mūkin-zēri and ruled for two years, until his death. He was the first ruler to join Assyria and Babylon under a personal union. In BKLa he is named Pūlu (it is possible that this was his former name before ascending to the Assyrian Throne) and in the Ptolemaic Canon he is named Poros, Phulus in Berossus, and Pul in the Bible (2 Kings: 15- 19). At least three economic texts are dated to his first year as king of Babylon.

King of Babylonia (731-729). His name is attested in ABC 1 and the Babylonian King List A under the abbreviated form Mūkin-zēri. The full form is known from a single economic source (MLC 1805). In the Ptolemaic Canon his name is given as Chinzeros. BKLA attributes him to the “Dynasty of Šapiya” which might be related to his seat of power in that city during his fight against the Assyrian monarch.

King of Babylonia (732). Attested in  ABC 1 as Šuma-ukin, his name was fully reconstructed based on the Babylonian King List A. He was probably a provincial governor under Nabû-nādin-zêri.