King of Babylonia (246-226), Seleucus II was known as the “beautiful victor” (Callinicus). Despite reaching power by direct hereditary line, the unclear situation, caused by his father’s early death, regarding succession among his three sons (Seleucus II, Antiochus Hierax, and Antiochus son of Egyptian princess Berenice) gave rise to the Third Syrian War and further conflict with his brother and co-ruler Antiochus Hierax.